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Ludwig Boltzmann

Ludwig Boltzmann (February 20, 1844 - September 5, 1906) was an Austrian physicist and mathematician known for his fundamental contributions to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. He developed the Boltzmann equation, which describes the time evolution of the distribution of particles in a gas, and formulated the famous relation \(S = k \log W\), connecting entropy with the number of possible microstates of a system. His work was crucial in establishing the statistical foundation of the second law of thermodynamics, profoundly influencing modern physics and our understanding of the behavior of macroscopic systems from their microscopic components.

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Thermal Physics formulas