Anders Celsius
Anders Celsius (November 27, 1701 - April 25, 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist, and mathematician best known for developing the Celsius temperature scale, widely used in science and daily life. He was a professor of astronomy at Uppsala University and took part in significant scientific expeditions, including the one that measured the shape of the Earth in Lapland. In 1742, he proposed a temperature scale based on the freezing and boiling points of water, though originally inverted; the scale was later adjusted to its current form. His work was crucial to the advancement of thermometry and geodetic astronomy.